"THOSE WHO SAY RELIGION HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH POLITICS DO NOT KNOW WHAT RELIGION IS"

"THOSE WHO SAY RELIGION HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH POLITICS DO NOT  KNOW WHAT RELIGION IS"

Religion in relation of politics is nothing but an element that is used to mobilize people for various purposes having political motive hidden behind it and religion has much to do with politics .In changing circumstances the religion can be used very eloquently in order to do things like 

• It can be used for  vote politics as leaders promises innocent public for the betterment of their lifestyle and make them convince to give their vote to him.
• It can also be used to gain the sympathy of a particular section by initiating communal riots among people and pacifying the people of particular religion to get benefit from them and people at the same time  start thinking that in such a critical  chaotic situation  one stands with them.

Despite 70 years of independence , people  still give votes to leaders belonging to their caste ,religion etc. Furthermore, taking the live example in Indian context that will prove the relation of religion with politics.

Taking  example of BJP, as it promote Hinduism in the name of protecting cow and various squads has been made for the same.Hinduism is being promoted in the name of good governance and it made the concept of secularism blurred which can be proved by the fact that after the election of constituent assembly there is government of BJP in 17 out of 29 states.

subsequently, 'THE AYODHYA DISPUTE' which is politico-religious debate on a plot of land in Uttar Pradesh , the issue revolve around the site was that traditionaly among Hindus it was the birth place of LORD RAMA,and among Muslim the believe was that the site was a location of ' BABRI MOSQUE'.

Though the issue of temple-mosque is religious but with the inclusion of political interference it has become politico- religious . Possibly, in coming years  this issue may be used to gain  more of hindus as well as muslim votes.

So, in conclusion, all the instances  mentioned above is enough to support the statement that religion and politics are co-related.

YAJNA :TO BENEFIT NATURE AND ITS CREATURE

YAJNA :TO BENEFIT NATURE AND ITS CREATURE

THE ROOT OF THE WORD 'YAJNA' LIES IN THE SANSKRIT WORD-'YAJ' WHICH MEANS TO WORSHIP. IN COMMON  SAYING IT IS ALSO CALLED 'HAVANA'. IT SIGNIFIES THE RITUALS DONE BEFORE THE SACRED FIRE AND OFFERING 'HAVAN SAMAGRI' WHICH CONSISTS OF PURE AND VALUABLE MEDICINAL THINGS ,CEREALS ,SWEETS ETC WHICH AFTER BURNING IN THE FIRE OF THE HAVAN KUND PRODUCES A MEDICINAL FUMES AND HELPS TO PURIFY THE ATMOSPHERE BY KILLING THE HARMFUL BACTERIAS.SUBSEQUENTLY,THE RITUALS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY SPECIAL 'HAVAN MANTRA' WHICH ITSELF ACT AS THE THERAPY FOR VARIOUS DISEASES. THE WAVES PRODUCED AT THE TIME OF RECITING MANTRA ACT AS WAVE THERAPY  FOR THE MIND AND THE BODY.    

                                                                                       THE ACT OF YAJNA OR HAVAN SYMBOLISES AND REFLECTS A VERY BEAUTIFUL THOUGHT AS  WHEN WE GIVE OFFERING IN HAVAN KUND ,A SMALL MANTRA COMES -"IDAM NA MAMA" WHICH MEANS 'THIS IS NOT MINE'. LITERALLY,WHEN WE DO OFFERING OF ANY MATERIAL INTO FIRE IT BURN ALL AND RETURN TO US IN THE FORM OF MEDICINAL FUMES AND KEEP NOTHING WITH ITSELF.

FIRE IS CONSIDERED AS THE SOUL OF THE YAJNA AND IN HINDU TRADITION IT IS SYMBOLISED AS THE 'GOD OF FIRE' OR 'AGNI DEVTA'. YAJNA ALSO MEANS SACRIFICE ,WHEN WE GIVE OFFERINGS INTO FIRE IT DESTROY THE PHYSICAL MATERIAL THAT IS PUT INTO IT,  BUT IT DOES NOT DESTROY THE INTERNAL PROPERTY  OF IT ,WHICH BROUGHT TO US A MORAL THAT EVEN WHEN WE ARE IN TRAP OF GREAT TROUBLE WE SHOULD KEEP PATIENCE AND NEVER DISTORT OUR INNATE , MORAL AND NATURAL CHARACTER .

SO, WE SHOULD ALL DO SACRIFICE OF OUR TIME IN MAKING OURSELF CAPABLE TO BEAR ALL THE PROBLEMS IN OUR LIFE IN A BETTER WAY AND LIVES A GLAMOROUS LIFE AS INCULCATED IN OUR HINDU TRADITION  AND VEDIC CULTURE.            

                            

                                                                                        

J.S MILL'S "ON LIBERTY"

"ON LIBERTY"

J.S MILL WAS THE MOST ARDENT CHAMPION OF LIBERTY .HE HAS ELOQUENTLY DESCRIBED HIS THOUGHT IN HIS ESSAY -'ON LIBERTY'.IN THIS ESSAY,HE SOUGHT TO DEMONSTRATE THE DANGER TO WHICH INDIVIDUAL'S LIBERTY WAS EXPOSED  IN A DEMOCRACY .WHILE BOTH  BENTHAM  AND J.S MILL BELIEVED THAT DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT COULD ACT FOR THE GOOD OF THE WHOLE SOCIETY.

J.S MILL THOUGHT THAT DEMOCRATIC RULE WAS SYNONYMOUS WITH MAJORITY RULE,AND THAT MAY TEND TO OPPRESS MINORITIES.J.S MILL WAS INSPIRED BY THE WORK OF TOCQUEVILLE ,WHO OBSERVED

THAT WITH THE EXTENTION OF DEMOCRACY IN THE SOCIAL SPHERE THE SOURCE OF INTELLECTUAL AUTHORITY WAS FOUND IN PUBLIC OPINION I.E THE MAJORITY OPINION WHICH FURTHER LEADS TO "TYRANNY OF MAJORITY"                                                          

                                                                                                     MILL DEFINES LIBERTY OF INDIVIDUAL TO ENSURE THE FULLEST DEVELOPMENT OF HIS PERSONALITY .HE IDENTIFIES THREE AREAS IN WHICH LIBERTY OF INDIVIDUAL MUST BE PROTECTED.

1. FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION
2. FREEDOM OF ACTION
3. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION

MILL RECOMMENDS FULLEST LIBERTY IN THE SPHERE OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION BUT ,HE PUTS SOME RESTRICTIONS IN THE SPHERE OF FREEDOM OF ACTION AND ASSOCIATION.

AS FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION BELONGS TO AN INDIVIDUAL'S INWARD DOMAIN OF CONCIOUSNESS. HE ASSERTS THAT IT IS ILLEGITIMATE INTERFERE WITH THE FREE EXPRESSION OF UNORTHODOX VIEWSPOINTS BECAUSE:

• IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE UNORTHODOX OPINION MAY BE TRUE WHILE ACCEPTED VIEWS MAY BE INVALID.
• IF WE ARE SURE THAT ACCEPTED OPINION ARE TRUE ,WE STILL OUGHT NOT TO SUPRESS THE CONTARARY OPINION BECAUSE THE FULL MEANING OF THE ACCEPTED VIEWSCAN BE UNDERSTAND ONLY WHEN IT GET CONFRONTED WITH OPPOPSITE VIEWS.
• FREE EXPRESSION OF CONTRADICTORY OPINION WOULD BE HELPFUL IN THE DESTRUCTION OF THE UNTRUE ELEMENTS OF OUR BELIEVES.

AS REGARD OF FREEDOM OF ACTION AND ASSOCIATION MILL PUTS CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS ON THESE FREEDOM SO THAT NO ONE IS ALLOWED TO HARM OR INJURE  ANY OTHER PERSON . HE DRAWS DISTINCTION OF TWO TYPES OF ACTIONS.

1. SELF-REGARDING:THIS PROVIDES COMPLETE FREEDOM OF CONDUCT FOR THE INDIVIDUAL IN ALL MATTERS NOT AFFECTING THE COMMUNITY.
2. OTHER-REGARDING :THE ACTIONS WHICH DO EFFECT THE COMMUNITY,MILL ARGUED THAT COMMUNITY HAS RIGHT TO COERCE  THE INDIVIDUAL IF HIS CONDUCT IS PREJUDICIAL TO ITS WELFARE.

BUT , THE STATE CAN INTERFERE IN SELF-REGARDING ,IF IT SEEMS INJURIOUS TO INDIVIDUAL ITSELF. THUS , THE STATE WOULD BE  PERFECTLY JUSTIFIED IF IT PREVENTS  A MAN  FROM CROSSING A BRIDGE WHICH IS KNOWN TO BE UNSAFE.

HEGAL ,T.H GREEN ARE THE CRITICS OF MILL'S SELF-REGARDING LIBERTY AS WHEN THEY SAY THAT NO LIBERTY IS SELF-REGARDING,IT INFLUENCE THE OTHERS IN ONE OR ANOTHER WAY. 
THOUGH HAVING CERTAIN FEATURES, MILL'S CONCEPT IS ACCOMPANIED BY SOME CRITICISM .
LIBERTY AND DEMOCRACY ARE AGAINST EACH OTHER.IT IS SAID THAT DEMOCRACY PROMOTES LIBERTY BUT, MILL'S LIBERTY IS CONTRADICTORY AS HE HAS SOUGHT TO TRANSFORM THE OLD , NEGATIVE VIEW O F LIBERALISM TO A NEW ,POSITIVE VIEW OF PHILOSOPHY OF CAPITALISM.

THUS,CONCLUDING THE WHOLE ASPECT OF 'ON LIBERTY'WE CAN SAY THAT HIS DISTINCTION OF LIBERTY AND DEMOCRACY CANNOT BE ACCEPTED AS DEMOCRACY IS ESSENTIALLY BASED ON THE FAITH IN EXTRAORDINARY POTENTIAL OF ITS PEOPLE .HOWEVER , MILL'S BRILLIANT IDEA HELPS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT.

IDEAL APPLICATION OF GRAVITY IN MODERN ERA

THE TITLE OF THIS ARTICLE -"IDEAL APPLICATION OF GRAVITY IN MODERN ERA" IS THE RESULT OF VERY ABSTRACT THOUGHT AND THE CONTENTS OF THIS ARTICLE MAY NEARLY BE IMPOSSIBLE TO BELIEVE IN PRESENT WORLD BUT IN FUTURE IT MAY BECOME A REALITY AND IF IT HAPPENS SO THEN THERE WILL A REVOLUTION IN THE RAPIDLY DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC WORLD.SO,LET'S MOVE AHEAD INTO THE UTOPIAN SCIENTIFIC WORLD.

GRAVITY IS A NATURAL FORCE ,THAT CAUSES THINGS TO FALL TOWARDS EARTH AND AS A RESULT OF THE SAME, ALL THE THINGS ON THE EARTH ARE IN THE STATE OF REST.THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAVITY CAN BE  FELT ON THE ACCOUNT THAT DUE TO GRAVITY FROM THE EARTH,THE MOON AND OTHER PLANETS IN ORBIT.EVERY  PHYSICAL BODY IN THIS UNIVERSE HAVING NON-ZERO MASS HAS SOME GRAVITY.THOUGHT IT CAN APPROACH TOWARDS ZERO BUT NEVER BECOMES ZERO.ACCORDING TO NICOLAUS COPERNICUS -THE SUN IS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE INTENSITY OF GRAVITY IS DECREASING WITH THE INCREASING DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER.SO,PLANETS FAR FROM THE SUN MAY EXPERIENCE LESS GRAVITY .HAVING BEEN DIVORCED FROM THE FACT PEOPLE OFTEN BELIEVE THAT -THERE IS NO GRAVITY IN SPACE AND IF IT IS NOT THE CASE THEN WHY DOES THE QUESTION ARISES THAT -WHY AN ASTRONAUT FEEL THE WEIGHTLESS CONDITION IN THE SPACE ?THE ANSWER LIES IN THE FACT THAT ON THE EARTH , THE EARTH ITSELF ACT AS A BARRIER TO STOP THE MASS SO IT EXPERIENCES WEIGHT BUT IN SPACE THERE IS NOTHING TO ACT AS A BARRIER ,SO A BODY EXPERIENCES THE WEIGHTLESS CONDITION.

NOW IMAGINE A DEVICE THAT IS ABLE TO ELIMINATE THE GRAVITY OF A PARTICULAR AREA, THE AREA WITHIN WHICH THE GRAVITY IS NEGLIGIBLE ,THEN ALL THE MASSES OF THAT AREA WOULD BE WEIGHTLESS THEN IT WILL BE EASY TO MOVE THAT MASS  EASILY,NO MATTER HOW BULKY IT IS.IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE ABOVE SITUATION WE MAY TAKE A  A INDUSTRY AS AN EPITOME TO UNDERSTAND THE ABOVE CASE. SO CONSIDER THIS FIGURE.

CONSIDER A INDUSTRY WHICH USES HEAVY MOTOR TO DISPLACE AN OBJECT FROM  POSITION 'A' TO POSITION 'B' SO, IT TAKES A LARGE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF ENERGY ,AND NOW CONSIDER THE SITUATION IN WHICH ,WE ANYHOW IN FUTURE BE ABLE TO DEVELOP THE DEVICE (GRAVITY ELIMINATING DEVICE) AS SHOWN IN FIGURE ,WE CAN EASILY MOVE A BULKY BODY FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER WITHOUT CONSUMING HUGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY.

HOW THIS GRAVITY ELIMINATING  DEVICE  PROBABLY WORKS

WHEN WE ACTIVATE THIS DEVICE THEN ALL THE AREAS WITHIN ITS AMBIT WILL BECOME AREA OF NEGLIGIBLE GRAVITY ,THE ALL BODY COMING IN ITS AMBIT WOULD BECOME WEIGHTLESS AND THEN IT REQUIRES A NEGLIGIBLE AMOUNT OF ENERGY TO DISPLACE IT FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER AS COMPARED TO THE ENERGY USED BEFORE.

NOW ,IT MAY LOOK A VERY DIFFICULT TASK BUT IN NEAR FUTURE THIS IMAGINARY IDEAS MAY BECOME REALITY WITH THE EXTREME HARD WORK AND PATIENCE.IF WE CAN DEVELOP SUCH DEVICES WHICH CAN COVER THE ACTIVITY OF  WHOLE EARTH  ,WHY CAN WE DEVELOP  GRAVITY ELIMINATING  DEVICE .

ANCIENT EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

ANCIENT EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

ALL OF US  ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN ONES LIFE AND SOURCE OF WHICH IS OUR TEACHERS  AND IT IS WRITTEN IN  'SHATHPATH  BRAHAMAN' THAT MAN'S EDUCATION IS INCOMPLETE WITHOUT THE ROLE OF THREE PRIMARY TUTOR ( MATA ,PITA AND AACHARYA).THE CHILD IS CONSIDERED BLESSED WHOSE PARENTS ARE WELL EDUCATED. MOTHER IS BELIEVED TO BE THE CHILD'S FIRST TEACHER WHOSE BLESSING AND PREACHING SHAPES THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY MANY TIMES MORE THAN OTHER'S DOES.IT IS THE  DUTY OF PARENTS TO SEND THEIR CHILD TO GURUKUL ,THOUGH IT IS DIFFICULT FOR A PARENT TO DO SO,BUT PARENTS KEEP THEIR PARENTHOOD ASIDE SEEING THE FUTURE OF HIS CHILD.AFTER PARENTS ,THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY IS SHAPED BY AACHARYA WHICH IS INITIATED BY A RITUAL KNOWN AS "UPNAYAN SANSKAR" IN WHICH CHILD IS GIVEN A THREAD WHICH CONSISTS OF THREE MORE SUB-THREADS WHICH SYMBOLISES THE THREE DEBT OF MOTHER'S ,FATHER'S AND AACHARYA'S.AND AACHARYA AT THE SAME TIME PROMISES TO THE CHILD THAT HE WILL GIVE  ALL HIS EDUCATION TO HIM AND ALSO TAKE PROMISE FORM HIM THAT HE MUST NOT CONFINE HIS KNOWLEDGE TO HIMSELF BUT TO SPREAD ALL OVER THE WORLD BY A SYMBOLIC ACT AS:AACHARYA  TAKE SOME WATER IN HIS HAND AND LEFT IT INTO THE HANDS OF HIS PUPIL AND ASK HIM TO SPREAD THE WATER OVER THE LAND WHICH MEANS ALL THE KNOWLEDGE WILL BE SPREAD ALL AROUND.

IN ANCIENT EDUCATION SYSTEM THERE IS NO PROVISION OF CO-EDUCATION.AS SWAMI DAYANANDA HAS ARGUED THAT THERE SHOULD BE SEPARATE GURUKULS FOR BOTH BOYS AND GIRLS AND  PLACE FOR EDUCATION MUST BE AWAY FROM TOWN(ALMOST 12 KM AWAY) ,IN A QUITE ,PEACEFUL AND PLEASANT AMBIENCE.THERE MUST BE ALL FEMALE TEACHERS IN GIRL'S GURUKUL AND ALL MALE TEACHERS IN BOYS GURUKUL, SO THAT BOTH BOYS AND GIRLS ESCAPES FROM ALL THE  DISTRACTIONS LIKE INTREST IN CONFIGURATION ABOUT OPPOSITE SEX,MOTIVATION TO GRACE HIM/HERSELF ETC.THERE SHOULD BE NO DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF CASTE,CREED,COLOUR ,EVERYBODY WILL GET SAME KINND OF EDUCATION BE IT CHILD OF A KING OR BEGGAR, EVEN ALL WILL WEAR SAME KIND OF DRESS AND EAT SAME FOOD SO THAT NO CHILD DEVELOP THE FEELING OF INFERIORITY COMPLEX WITHIN HIM.

A CHILD'S MIND ID LIKE A CLAY WHICH TAKES SHAPE ACCORDING TO THE IDEAS THAT IS FILLED IN HIS MIND ,AND WE KNOW , NO WORK IS DONE WITHOUT ANY REASON BEHIND IT ,ALMOST EVERY WORK HAS SOME MOTIVE THAT MOTIVATES ANYONE TO DO THAT PARTICULAR WORK .SO ,AACHARYA BY HIS DISCIPLINE AND STRICTNESS CREATES SUCH A AMBIENCE THAT MAKES THE MIND AND THOUGHT MUCH STRONG SO THAT HE CAN FIGHT AGANIST HIS INTERNAL EVIL THOUGHT AND DO WHAT IS GOOD FOR HIM AS WELL AS SOCIETY.THEY ARE GIVEN THE SPIRITUAL  ,COSMIC ,PHYSICAL AND MORAL KNOWLEDGE.SPIRITUAL KNOWLEDGE HELPS TO DISSOLVES THE AMBIGUITY OF TRUTH AND VAGUE ,COSMIC(LAUKIK) KNOWLEDGE TO LEAD A GOOD LIFE ACCORDING TO SOCIETY.PHYSICAL KOWLEDGE SO THAT NO ONE ABLE TO SUPRESS HIM WHEN HE TENDS TO FIGHT FOR A RIGHT THING ,HE IS MADE SO STRONG THAT HE CAN TOLERATE ALL THE ADVERSE SITUATION IN HIS LIFE AND MORAL KNOWLEDGE IS GIVEN TO HIM SO THAT HE CAN MAKE BALANCE BETWEEN HIS MIND AND BODY IN CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES . THE ASSIMILATION OF SUCH KIND OF KNOWLEDGE MAKES A MAN OF SUCH A KIND  THAT HE HAS FULL CONTROL OVER HIS MIND AND BODY.

THE MAIN PURPOSE OF EDUCATION IS TO AWAKE ONE'S CONSCIENCE THAT LEADS TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A GOOD HUMAN, FURTHER A GOOD SOCIETY.

  

COMPARITIVE STUDY OF THE STATE OF NATURE OF HOBBES,LOCKE AND ROUSSEAU

COMPARITIVE STUDY OF THE STATE OF NATURE OF HOBBES,LOCKE AND ROUSSEAU

HOBBES 

Analysis of human nature of man was the basis of political philosophy of  Hobbes.In Hobbes's sense -"MAN IS NEITHER A POLITICAL ANIMAL NOR A SOCIAL ANIMAL BUT ONLY AN ISOLATED BEAST OR A PURELY EGOISTIC CREATURE".He analyses that in state of nature man act like a wild animals.Every one is driven by the endless desire.The state of nature envisages an extreme insecurity,where everyone wishes to kill and enslave others.Thus state of nature has turned into a -'state of war of everyone  aganist everyone'.Man has become solitary ,poor,short,nasty and brutish.The situation has become total anarchist type and "MIGHT IS RIGHT " is the order of the day.

                                                                                        Unlike Hobbes,who has taken a gloomy picture of the state of nature but on contarary  to him,LOCKE  draws entirely different picture of  the state of nature where the situation was of peace ,goodwill,mutual assistance and preservance.The state of nature was a state of perfect freedom.They have liberty to do anything ,it was state of liberty,not of licence . The majority people obey the 'law of nature ' i.e the law of inward mobility.Locke himself believe that -"MAN IS BY NATURE A RATIONAL BEING".So,he has innate nature of treating human with humanity.But, still there were few persons who due to their self-intrest breach the  rules and without an establish authority in the state of nature it becomes very difficult to deal with such offenders.So, man abandon state of nature and enters into a civil or political society by means of social contract.

ROUSSEAU, also depicted the fascinating picture of the state of nature. He described man a 'NOBLE SAVAGE' living a life of an 'idyllic blissfulness' and primitive simplicity and call it "GOLDEN AGE" .But the rise of civilisation and inequality made them correct.With the development of science and art private property came into existence,with the consequent division of labour .So,ROUSSEAU  came to conclusion that if man wants to recover the original happiness and innocence,he must return to the state of nature and so he also has given a thought regarding this i.e "BACK TO NATURE".