Surrogacy At The Cost Of Emotion

Surrogacy At The Cost Of Emotion 

A newly born baby  doesn't come in this world alone, but she is associated with many emotional,social and cultural aspects.There is no measure of happiness when a baby born to a couple and also there is no measure of pain when there is no child born.

The emotional implication is that whole family becomes happy  for that it makes someone mother ,father, grandmother, grandfather so on,social implication is that a lady has become mother and it proves that she is not sterile and she is safe form the taunt of being infertile ,and cultural implication is that a child will maintain the family-tree or heredity.

But when a couple doesn't have child then they go for surrogacy in order to get rid of the stigma of being childless.They waste a lot money in getting child . Many country has put legal restriction on it but in India it is prevailing in the name of goodness and altruism.
                                              But such kind of process involve the suppression of motherhood emotions ,there can be several reason but mostly women do to get away from the condition of poverty that they face.The intended parents pay a great amount of money to the surrogate . But, now a days it is not prevailing in the name of altruism but it has become a business platform,many commercial surrogacy centers has been opened. 
Government should keep a regular check on such institutions and find out ways that such process should not be commercialized  and also try to pave ways so women don't engage themselves because of some  money .

Student and Politics:A Complementary Relation

Youth and Politics:A Complementary Relation

We live in a democratic country which has struggle of debate as a intrinsic part of it and all the policy-makers are chosen by the majority of its population and India has youth as its major part of its population ,so we can imagine their role in the politics of the country. The close relation of youth and politics in India can be traced back from the times of freedom struggle and their commendable role on their part is appreciable.

 Now a days in contemporary era it is issue of debate that -'Should youth take part in politics or they should confine them with their academics only'? 

One supporting argument can be that if youth will not take part in politics then how can they be made aware of their political rights and it is always said that youth are the backbone of a country ,if they will not be part of politics  then we might not be able to save our country with weak backbone .Since study confined to 'classroom and books' will make good academician but not great leaders.

Another argument comes up that universities are running on the sacrosanct money  paid by tax-payers and they it should be used for the academic progress of the students not in their issue less politics .

Concerning both the argument and leaning to the first argument in my opinion it  will be good if youth take part in politics as they will get to know the politics of country and raise their  voice in making good to the governance of a country and if youth will be politically enlightened they will choose leaders who can take the country to a high and more democratic level.
So youth should and must take part in politics.

CHILDHOOD :A MEMORABLE GLIMPSE

A very heart touching song of Jagjit singh:

Ye daulat bhi le lo, ye shohrat bhi le lo

Bhale cheen lo mujhse meri jawaani
Magar mujhko lauta do bachchpan ka saawan
Wo kagaz ki kashti wo barish ka pani.


This song has meaning that almost everyone of us have ejoyed once in our childhood days.Some common acts of childhood like everyone have ever made paper boat and put it in water and chased back to that boat,waiting for the rain and storm in the last period of the school days and getting chance to go home in rain,tries to make rubber out of pencil peels by putting it in boiling milk but never succeeded,trying to make bow and arrow with bamboo stick and competing whose arrow goes high,etc....It may seem nonsense today but these cheerfulcollection will be the part of stuffs which will make you laugh in your old days.

But it is sad on the part of coming generation they may or may not be able to enjoy such glimpse of childhood as the days goes latest technology like smartphones., tablet video games, social network activenes has hacked the innocent minds and parents too don't have much time for their child to look after them.But there is a great need to inculcate and transfer our culture in them so that in the race of modernity also they will be conscious about their glorious culture and make endeavour to preserve it.

PERSONAL IS POLITICAL

The statement 'personal is political ' emphasises that personal problems are political problems . It underscored the connection between  the personal experience and larger social and political structure.This phrase has been described as a defining characterisation of Second Wave feminism,radical feminism,womens studies or feminism in general.
The connection between women's personal problem experience and their subordination as women is highlighted by this phrase . Feminists want that all the private or social matter should be made the topic of political debate and analysis.
Feminists argued that the work done by them in household  is not added in the national income of the country and they are not allowed to take part in public matters such as army ,politics etc..Radical feminists argued that womens discontent is not the neurotic lament of the maladjusted, but a response to a social structure in which women are systematicallydominated,exploited and oppressed.If  one of the ideas behind the famous 1960 statement 'the personal is political is to suggest that how we conduct ourself in our private lives can affect structure of power in society at large , the reverse is also true.
The political/social/cultural system  in which we live affect , if not determine the kinds of relationship we have with other people.Hence, all problems will be resolved if all the matters of personal is made political with equal womens participation in it.

WHAT CAN I DO FOR CLEAN INDIA

The endeavour made for 'clean india ' act as the steeping stone towards the Swachh Bharat campaign launched by the government of India .However, onus for making india clean should not be confined to the governmental ambit but it must be inculcated in every citizens of the country ,starting from first citizen to the last. The objective of swachh Bharat are to reduce or eliminate open defecation through the construction of individual, cluster and community toilet .Since the launch of 'Swatchh Bharat Mission (SBM)';sanitation coverage in india has gone up from 41% to 62%,the number of people defecating in open in the rural india has come down from about 550 million to about 350 million .Unlike earlier sanitation programes ,SBM is not a toilet construction program ,bur a behavioural change  mass movement .It is relatively easy to built a road ,bridge  or an airport.but trying to change human behaviour is complex .
As movies are considered to be the reflection of of society through which we can spread message to mass .A movie named 'Toilet Ek Prem Katha'has beautifully spread a message of making toilets in homes .The dialogue which capture the mind of layman is -"BIWI PAAS CHAHIYE TO GHAR MW SANDASS CHAHIYE".
                                              At an individual level one can creat awareness about the use of toilets , instead of defecating in outside .Through various short movies people mindset can be changed .So small effort of large people can create a huge change.

Deliberately making natural,unnatural

 It is well-known to all that naturally and geographically our Earth is called the "The Blue planet" as of the fact that 70% of  its surface is covered with water.Blueness of the Earth is its natural virtue but now-a-days we are confronting with the slogan .i.e. "Go Green:Make Earth Green".Here we pretend to make the Earth green by planting more and more trees on the one hand and snatching its blueness by making water more polluted by various means on other hand.We must try to maintain the sanctity of our mother Earth by maintaining its blueness as well as greenness.we often see a lot of trees planted on both  sides of road,we never bother about the reason behind it ,it is done so because particulate matter suspended in polluted air tends to settle on leaves and certain gases like (NO2) are absorbed by leaves' stomata,hence filtering the air and reducing pollution .This can  be a good reason that can provoke people to plant more and more trees .we should try to maintain our natural resources in their natural form upto an extent  and we can have various other scientific ways to deal with it.So it is our collective responsibility to transfer the natural resources to our coming generation in a well condition.

"GO GREEN MAINTAINING BLUE "

Quest to destination

Some amazing research that will astound your mind 

Q&A

1. WHY DO SOME FISH HAVE COLOURLESS BLOOD ?

ANS:-  Antarctic Icefish have colourless blood with no red blood cells and no haemoglobin,the oxygen carrying pigment.This probably comes down to genetic mutation,and means their blood carries 90% less oxygen than red blood.They survive partly because frigid antarctic waters are oxygen-rich. Icefish also have enormus hearts that pump huge volumes of blood around their bodies,making sure that get enough oxygen.Antifreeze in their blood stops them from freezing (the salty Southern Ocean gets down to -2 degree C) but, as they are so well-adapted to the cold,their future in  a warming world remain uncertain.

      2. WHY DO ROCKETS FOLLOWS A PARABOLA AFTER LAUNCH ?

ANS:- We have long been taught that all projectiles follow a curved path known as parabola. The explanation is that, as they fly ,they cover distance both horizontlly and  vertically-but only the latter is affected by the force of gravity, which bends the path of  projectile into parabola. For long-range rockets, things are more complex. For example, air resistance must be taken into account. But,even ignoring that ,a projectile doesn't really follow a parabola- because Earth is not flat. This means that gravity doesn't simply pull objects straight back down. Instead,it pulls them towards the centre of  the Earth, whose direction changes as the projectile moves further down-range,away from the launch site .Detailed calculations then reveal that the true trajectory is not a parabola,but an ellipse.

  3. HOW DO WE TALK IN OUR HEADS ?

ANS:- Talking in our heads is reffered to by psychologists as 'inner speech' . It involves some similar processes to 'overt' speech- it recruits brain regions invlved in language , such as the Broca's  and Wernicke's  areas ,and is even accompained by minute muscles movements in the larynx.However, there are notable differences too, with brain areas useful in inhibiting overt speech playing a greater role in inner speech.The exact brain mechanisms involved may come down to why we are talking in our heads in the first place .For example, when we read a book, brain region involved in attention may be more active than when we are mentally preparing for a race.

  4.DO TREES REDUCE AIR POLLUTION LEVELS ?

ANS:- The relationship between trees and air pollution is a complicated one. particulate matter suspended in polluted  air tends to settle onto leaves ,and certain gases including nitrous dioxide (NO2) are absorbed by leaves' stomata,filtering the air and reducing pollution level slightly. But trees and other vegetation also redirects airflow in their immediate vicinity,preventing pollution from being diluted by currents of cleaner air. In particular, tall trees with thick canopies planted along side busy roads can act like a roof, trapping pockets of polluted air at ground level.To reliably improve air quality,city planners need to give careful consideration to how trees are placed.

  5. DO ALL FISH AND SHELLFISH CONTAIN MERCURY ?

ANS:- Mercury levels in the oceans have tripled since the Industrial Revolution,thanks to mining and burning of fossil fuels.All sea creatures absorb some of this heavy metal directly, and, once its in the body, there's no way of getting rid of it. The amount of mercury in fish varies between species. Long-lived predators like tuna and swordfish tend to contain the most,because they also absorb mercury from their prey and they've had a long time to accumulate it. The lowest levels are found in short-lived species lower  down the food-chain ,such as oysters and shrimp.

Major shift in All India Services;ensuring "national integration" of bureaucracy

Central Government has finalized a new policy for cadre allocation for IAS,IPS and IFS and other officers,aimed to ensure  the "national integrity" in the country's top bureaucracy. Officers of all-India services -the Indian Administrative Service(IAS),Indian Police Service(IPS) and Indian Forest Service(IFS)-will have to choose cadre from a set of zones instead of states .The officers of three services are currently allocated a cadre state or a set of states to work in .The existing 26 cadre has been divided into 5 zones in the new policy proposed by the government.

• ZONE -I  ---- 7 cadres (Arunachal Pradesh,Goa, Mizoram and Union Territories),Jammu Kashmir,Himachal Pradesh,Uttrakhand,Rajasthan,Punjab and Haryana.
• ZONE-II ---  Uttar Pradesh,Bihar,Jharkhand and Odisha.
• ZONE-III---  Gujarat,Maharashtra,madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh.
• ZONE-IV---  West Bengal,Sikkim,Assam-Meghalaya,Manipur and Nagaland.
• ZONE- V ---  Telangana,Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka,Tamil Nadu and Kerla.

 The new policy will seek to ensure that officers from Bihar ,for instance ,will get to work in south eastern and north eastern states,which may not be their preferred cadres  and which will further help to ensure national integration of the bureaucracy as officers will get to work in a state which is not their place of domicile. 

How To Enrich Your Mental Abilities

How To Enrich Your Mental Abilities

• Fact: The average person develops only 10% of his latent mental abilities.

we are able to base our estimate of what we can or cannot do on the lessons of our past experience.This attitude is strengthened by the idea that our intelligence quotient is an unalterable factor.A simple example will demonstrate, however that ability is less dependent on intelligence than on development of specific power through practice.

A supremely intelligent person may be a poor artist for the simple reason that he never practiced at drawing even simple sketches.The same is true for mental ability.Our mind is subject to the same law of inertia that govern the rest of the universe i.e. a body tends to be static until force is applied.

                                                               The most difficult task for a person is to think ,people usually don't engage their mind in thinking process as it need focus of mind at one place.People often talk that thoughts automatically comes to their mind but actually it is not the case .We ourself raise  thoughts but we are not conscious about it.Since our actions are mostly the result of our thoughts that we process in mind. So ,if we can control our thought we can easily push our mind towards enrichment.

Keen observation,memory and imagination are the basic ingredients of mental ability.It is necessary to observe accurately by means of the senses; to be able to store up the knowledge in the creation of new ideas.Sight and hearing are vitally important essences as far as mental ability is concerned and our ultimate control over our body and mind would tend to increase our mental ability effectively.

Last but not least the common saying -"Practice makes the man perfect " will navigate your mind toward excellency.

WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT :POSITION OF INDIA AMONG REST OF THE WORLD

While the global average for women in the parliament stands at 22.4% and the position of India is at the 103rd out of 140 countries with a mere 11%  representation.Within Asia ,India is at 13th position out of 18 countries.Countries like South Sudan ,Saudi  Arabia have better representation in parliament than India.



We often talk about women's representation in various fields  in order to empower them but their representation in elected bodies ,Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies is a source of  huge disappointment .The count of women MLAs across all state assemblies in India is even worse,with the national average being a pitiable 9% but the states like Bihar,Rajasthan and Haryana have quite better representation of 14% in contrast of worst representation of  states like Pondicherry and Nagaland which have no women MLAs at all.

The issue of women’s representation in elected bodies and Council of Ministers came to the forefront yet again  in the year 2015, with the formation of the new Government( Aam Aadmi Party) in Delhi. The Aam Aadmi Party government led by Arvind Kejriwal, while taking many steps forward, took a step backward. And a very important one. He failed to induct women into his cabinet. This, once again, brought forth the age-old debate of inadequacy of women in our elected bodies and whether there should be constitutional and legal safeguards for women in Parliament and state assemblies. The third- tier of elected bodies, the Panchayats, have already implemented 33% reservation for women. Apart from the fact that half the population is systemically excluded from political participation, representation and decision-making, what do the numbers tell us about women’s representation in Lok Sabha over the years?
                                                                                   The above data shows that there is a great need to look into the participation of women in political processes,if the Government  really want to empower women then it should increase the participation  of women in the political processes as well as other areas.

IMPORTANCE OF DILIGENCE AS A VALUE FOR YOUNGSTERS AND HOW CAN IT BE INCULCATED IN THEM

“Diligence is the mother of good fortune.” 

― Benjamin Disraeil

THE BEAUTY OF THE ABOVE QUOTATION LIES IN THE  WORD 'DILIGENCE'  WHICH REFERS TO DEDICATION AND  CONSISTENCY  TOWARDS ONE'S WORK AND WHAT IT MEANT FOR YOUNGSTER IS MORE THAN ANYTHING BECAUSE  IT DENOTES A DEEPER VALUE THAN JUST COMMITMENT TO WORK AND IT IS THE ONLY WAY THROUGH WHICH THEY CAN ACHIEVE KNOWLEDGE AND GREAT SUCCESS IN LIFE.THOUGH IT IS BELIEVED THAT HUMAN'S FATE IS ALREADY WRITTEN, BEFORE GOD SENT TO US ON EARTH BUT IT IS NOT ALWAYS THE CASE .ONE CAN WITH HIS HARD WORK CAN EVEN CHANGE THE PRE-WRITTEN FATE AND WRITE HIS OWN FATE.

YOUNGSTERS ARE CONSIDERED AS THE BACKBONE OF A COUNTRY AND IT IS IN THEIR HAND WHETHER TO TAKE THEIR  COUNTRY  ON APEX OR DEARTH.THE GROWTH OF A COUNTRY IS THE RESULT OF THE ASSIMILATION OF INTELLECT  OF THE SENIOR CITIZENS AND DILIGENCE OF YOUNGSTERS.

IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF DILIGENCE                                                                                                                  

• IT BRINGS IN THEM THE POWER TO STRUGGLE FOR  THE HARSH SITUATION IN THEIR LIFE AS IT MAKE THEM COMPETENT FOR IT,AND IT IS COMMON SAYING THAT TO RELY  ONLY UPON FATE IS LIKE MOVING IN LIFT WHICH CAN STOP ANYTIME BUT ONE WHO HAS BOTH BELIEF IN FATE AND SELF DILIGENCE IS LIKE MOVING WITH THE HELP OF STAIRS WHICH WILL SURELY TAKE HIM TO HIS DESTINATION.

 DILIGENCE AS A VALUE IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR YOUNGSTERS SINCE ONLY THEN HE/SHE WOULD BE DEDICATED TOWARDS THE INTEGRITY AND UNITY OF HUMANKIND AND HENCE THE COUNTRY.

                                                      IT CAN BE INCULCATED IN THE YOUNGSTERS  THROUGH  PROPER NOURISHMENT OF THEIR MIND AND MOTIVATING THEM REGULARLY OF ITS BENEFIT AND ITS ROLE IN ONES LIFE.

"THOSE WHO SAY RELIGION HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH POLITICS DO NOT KNOW WHAT RELIGION IS"

"THOSE WHO SAY RELIGION HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH POLITICS DO NOT  KNOW WHAT RELIGION IS"

Religion in relation of politics is nothing but an element that is used to mobilize people for various purposes having political motive hidden behind it and religion has much to do with politics .In changing circumstances the religion can be used very eloquently in order to do things like 

• It can be used for  vote politics as leaders promises innocent public for the betterment of their lifestyle and make them convince to give their vote to him.
• It can also be used to gain the sympathy of a particular section by initiating communal riots among people and pacifying the people of particular religion to get benefit from them and people at the same time  start thinking that in such a critical  chaotic situation  one stands with them.

Despite 70 years of independence , people  still give votes to leaders belonging to their caste ,religion etc. Furthermore, taking the live example in Indian context that will prove the relation of religion with politics.

Taking  example of BJP, as it promote Hinduism in the name of protecting cow and various squads has been made for the same.Hinduism is being promoted in the name of good governance and it made the concept of secularism blurred which can be proved by the fact that after the election of constituent assembly there is government of BJP in 17 out of 29 states.

subsequently, 'THE AYODHYA DISPUTE' which is politico-religious debate on a plot of land in Uttar Pradesh , the issue revolve around the site was that traditionaly among Hindus it was the birth place of LORD RAMA,and among Muslim the believe was that the site was a location of ' BABRI MOSQUE'.

Though the issue of temple-mosque is religious but with the inclusion of political interference it has become politico- religious . Possibly, in coming years  this issue may be used to gain  more of hindus as well as muslim votes.

So, in conclusion, all the instances  mentioned above is enough to support the statement that religion and politics are co-related.

YAJNA :TO BENEFIT NATURE AND ITS CREATURE

YAJNA :TO BENEFIT NATURE AND ITS CREATURE

THE ROOT OF THE WORD 'YAJNA' LIES IN THE SANSKRIT WORD-'YAJ' WHICH MEANS TO WORSHIP. IN COMMON  SAYING IT IS ALSO CALLED 'HAVANA'. IT SIGNIFIES THE RITUALS DONE BEFORE THE SACRED FIRE AND OFFERING 'HAVAN SAMAGRI' WHICH CONSISTS OF PURE AND VALUABLE MEDICINAL THINGS ,CEREALS ,SWEETS ETC WHICH AFTER BURNING IN THE FIRE OF THE HAVAN KUND PRODUCES A MEDICINAL FUMES AND HELPS TO PURIFY THE ATMOSPHERE BY KILLING THE HARMFUL BACTERIAS.SUBSEQUENTLY,THE RITUALS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY SPECIAL 'HAVAN MANTRA' WHICH ITSELF ACT AS THE THERAPY FOR VARIOUS DISEASES. THE WAVES PRODUCED AT THE TIME OF RECITING MANTRA ACT AS WAVE THERAPY  FOR THE MIND AND THE BODY.    

                                                                                       THE ACT OF YAJNA OR HAVAN SYMBOLISES AND REFLECTS A VERY BEAUTIFUL THOUGHT AS  WHEN WE GIVE OFFERING IN HAVAN KUND ,A SMALL MANTRA COMES -"IDAM NA MAMA" WHICH MEANS 'THIS IS NOT MINE'. LITERALLY,WHEN WE DO OFFERING OF ANY MATERIAL INTO FIRE IT BURN ALL AND RETURN TO US IN THE FORM OF MEDICINAL FUMES AND KEEP NOTHING WITH ITSELF.

FIRE IS CONSIDERED AS THE SOUL OF THE YAJNA AND IN HINDU TRADITION IT IS SYMBOLISED AS THE 'GOD OF FIRE' OR 'AGNI DEVTA'. YAJNA ALSO MEANS SACRIFICE ,WHEN WE GIVE OFFERINGS INTO FIRE IT DESTROY THE PHYSICAL MATERIAL THAT IS PUT INTO IT,  BUT IT DOES NOT DESTROY THE INTERNAL PROPERTY  OF IT ,WHICH BROUGHT TO US A MORAL THAT EVEN WHEN WE ARE IN TRAP OF GREAT TROUBLE WE SHOULD KEEP PATIENCE AND NEVER DISTORT OUR INNATE , MORAL AND NATURAL CHARACTER .

SO, WE SHOULD ALL DO SACRIFICE OF OUR TIME IN MAKING OURSELF CAPABLE TO BEAR ALL THE PROBLEMS IN OUR LIFE IN A BETTER WAY AND LIVES A GLAMOROUS LIFE AS INCULCATED IN OUR HINDU TRADITION  AND VEDIC CULTURE.            

                            

                                                                                        

J.S MILL'S "ON LIBERTY"

"ON LIBERTY"

J.S MILL WAS THE MOST ARDENT CHAMPION OF LIBERTY .HE HAS ELOQUENTLY DESCRIBED HIS THOUGHT IN HIS ESSAY -'ON LIBERTY'.IN THIS ESSAY,HE SOUGHT TO DEMONSTRATE THE DANGER TO WHICH INDIVIDUAL'S LIBERTY WAS EXPOSED  IN A DEMOCRACY .WHILE BOTH  BENTHAM  AND J.S MILL BELIEVED THAT DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT COULD ACT FOR THE GOOD OF THE WHOLE SOCIETY.

J.S MILL THOUGHT THAT DEMOCRATIC RULE WAS SYNONYMOUS WITH MAJORITY RULE,AND THAT MAY TEND TO OPPRESS MINORITIES.J.S MILL WAS INSPIRED BY THE WORK OF TOCQUEVILLE ,WHO OBSERVED

THAT WITH THE EXTENTION OF DEMOCRACY IN THE SOCIAL SPHERE THE SOURCE OF INTELLECTUAL AUTHORITY WAS FOUND IN PUBLIC OPINION I.E THE MAJORITY OPINION WHICH FURTHER LEADS TO "TYRANNY OF MAJORITY"                                                          

                                                                                                     MILL DEFINES LIBERTY OF INDIVIDUAL TO ENSURE THE FULLEST DEVELOPMENT OF HIS PERSONALITY .HE IDENTIFIES THREE AREAS IN WHICH LIBERTY OF INDIVIDUAL MUST BE PROTECTED.

1. FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION
2. FREEDOM OF ACTION
3. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION

MILL RECOMMENDS FULLEST LIBERTY IN THE SPHERE OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION BUT ,HE PUTS SOME RESTRICTIONS IN THE SPHERE OF FREEDOM OF ACTION AND ASSOCIATION.

AS FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION BELONGS TO AN INDIVIDUAL'S INWARD DOMAIN OF CONCIOUSNESS. HE ASSERTS THAT IT IS ILLEGITIMATE INTERFERE WITH THE FREE EXPRESSION OF UNORTHODOX VIEWSPOINTS BECAUSE:

• IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE UNORTHODOX OPINION MAY BE TRUE WHILE ACCEPTED VIEWS MAY BE INVALID.
• IF WE ARE SURE THAT ACCEPTED OPINION ARE TRUE ,WE STILL OUGHT NOT TO SUPRESS THE CONTARARY OPINION BECAUSE THE FULL MEANING OF THE ACCEPTED VIEWSCAN BE UNDERSTAND ONLY WHEN IT GET CONFRONTED WITH OPPOPSITE VIEWS.
• FREE EXPRESSION OF CONTRADICTORY OPINION WOULD BE HELPFUL IN THE DESTRUCTION OF THE UNTRUE ELEMENTS OF OUR BELIEVES.

AS REGARD OF FREEDOM OF ACTION AND ASSOCIATION MILL PUTS CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS ON THESE FREEDOM SO THAT NO ONE IS ALLOWED TO HARM OR INJURE  ANY OTHER PERSON . HE DRAWS DISTINCTION OF TWO TYPES OF ACTIONS.

1. SELF-REGARDING:THIS PROVIDES COMPLETE FREEDOM OF CONDUCT FOR THE INDIVIDUAL IN ALL MATTERS NOT AFFECTING THE COMMUNITY.
2. OTHER-REGARDING :THE ACTIONS WHICH DO EFFECT THE COMMUNITY,MILL ARGUED THAT COMMUNITY HAS RIGHT TO COERCE  THE INDIVIDUAL IF HIS CONDUCT IS PREJUDICIAL TO ITS WELFARE.

BUT , THE STATE CAN INTERFERE IN SELF-REGARDING ,IF IT SEEMS INJURIOUS TO INDIVIDUAL ITSELF. THUS , THE STATE WOULD BE  PERFECTLY JUSTIFIED IF IT PREVENTS  A MAN  FROM CROSSING A BRIDGE WHICH IS KNOWN TO BE UNSAFE.

HEGAL ,T.H GREEN ARE THE CRITICS OF MILL'S SELF-REGARDING LIBERTY AS WHEN THEY SAY THAT NO LIBERTY IS SELF-REGARDING,IT INFLUENCE THE OTHERS IN ONE OR ANOTHER WAY. 
THOUGH HAVING CERTAIN FEATURES, MILL'S CONCEPT IS ACCOMPANIED BY SOME CRITICISM .
LIBERTY AND DEMOCRACY ARE AGAINST EACH OTHER.IT IS SAID THAT DEMOCRACY PROMOTES LIBERTY BUT, MILL'S LIBERTY IS CONTRADICTORY AS HE HAS SOUGHT TO TRANSFORM THE OLD , NEGATIVE VIEW O F LIBERALISM TO A NEW ,POSITIVE VIEW OF PHILOSOPHY OF CAPITALISM.

THUS,CONCLUDING THE WHOLE ASPECT OF 'ON LIBERTY'WE CAN SAY THAT HIS DISTINCTION OF LIBERTY AND DEMOCRACY CANNOT BE ACCEPTED AS DEMOCRACY IS ESSENTIALLY BASED ON THE FAITH IN EXTRAORDINARY POTENTIAL OF ITS PEOPLE .HOWEVER , MILL'S BRILLIANT IDEA HELPS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT.

IDEAL APPLICATION OF GRAVITY IN MODERN ERA

THE TITLE OF THIS ARTICLE -"IDEAL APPLICATION OF GRAVITY IN MODERN ERA" IS THE RESULT OF VERY ABSTRACT THOUGHT AND THE CONTENTS OF THIS ARTICLE MAY NEARLY BE IMPOSSIBLE TO BELIEVE IN PRESENT WORLD BUT IN FUTURE IT MAY BECOME A REALITY AND IF IT HAPPENS SO THEN THERE WILL A REVOLUTION IN THE RAPIDLY DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC WORLD.SO,LET'S MOVE AHEAD INTO THE UTOPIAN SCIENTIFIC WORLD.

GRAVITY IS A NATURAL FORCE ,THAT CAUSES THINGS TO FALL TOWARDS EARTH AND AS A RESULT OF THE SAME, ALL THE THINGS ON THE EARTH ARE IN THE STATE OF REST.THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAVITY CAN BE  FELT ON THE ACCOUNT THAT DUE TO GRAVITY FROM THE EARTH,THE MOON AND OTHER PLANETS IN ORBIT.EVERY  PHYSICAL BODY IN THIS UNIVERSE HAVING NON-ZERO MASS HAS SOME GRAVITY.THOUGHT IT CAN APPROACH TOWARDS ZERO BUT NEVER BECOMES ZERO.ACCORDING TO NICOLAUS COPERNICUS -THE SUN IS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE INTENSITY OF GRAVITY IS DECREASING WITH THE INCREASING DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER.SO,PLANETS FAR FROM THE SUN MAY EXPERIENCE LESS GRAVITY .HAVING BEEN DIVORCED FROM THE FACT PEOPLE OFTEN BELIEVE THAT -THERE IS NO GRAVITY IN SPACE AND IF IT IS NOT THE CASE THEN WHY DOES THE QUESTION ARISES THAT -WHY AN ASTRONAUT FEEL THE WEIGHTLESS CONDITION IN THE SPACE ?THE ANSWER LIES IN THE FACT THAT ON THE EARTH , THE EARTH ITSELF ACT AS A BARRIER TO STOP THE MASS SO IT EXPERIENCES WEIGHT BUT IN SPACE THERE IS NOTHING TO ACT AS A BARRIER ,SO A BODY EXPERIENCES THE WEIGHTLESS CONDITION.

NOW IMAGINE A DEVICE THAT IS ABLE TO ELIMINATE THE GRAVITY OF A PARTICULAR AREA, THE AREA WITHIN WHICH THE GRAVITY IS NEGLIGIBLE ,THEN ALL THE MASSES OF THAT AREA WOULD BE WEIGHTLESS THEN IT WILL BE EASY TO MOVE THAT MASS  EASILY,NO MATTER HOW BULKY IT IS.IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE ABOVE SITUATION WE MAY TAKE A  A INDUSTRY AS AN EPITOME TO UNDERSTAND THE ABOVE CASE. SO CONSIDER THIS FIGURE.

CONSIDER A INDUSTRY WHICH USES HEAVY MOTOR TO DISPLACE AN OBJECT FROM  POSITION 'A' TO POSITION 'B' SO, IT TAKES A LARGE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF ENERGY ,AND NOW CONSIDER THE SITUATION IN WHICH ,WE ANYHOW IN FUTURE BE ABLE TO DEVELOP THE DEVICE (GRAVITY ELIMINATING DEVICE) AS SHOWN IN FIGURE ,WE CAN EASILY MOVE A BULKY BODY FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER WITHOUT CONSUMING HUGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY.

HOW THIS GRAVITY ELIMINATING  DEVICE  PROBABLY WORKS

WHEN WE ACTIVATE THIS DEVICE THEN ALL THE AREAS WITHIN ITS AMBIT WILL BECOME AREA OF NEGLIGIBLE GRAVITY ,THE ALL BODY COMING IN ITS AMBIT WOULD BECOME WEIGHTLESS AND THEN IT REQUIRES A NEGLIGIBLE AMOUNT OF ENERGY TO DISPLACE IT FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER AS COMPARED TO THE ENERGY USED BEFORE.

NOW ,IT MAY LOOK A VERY DIFFICULT TASK BUT IN NEAR FUTURE THIS IMAGINARY IDEAS MAY BECOME REALITY WITH THE EXTREME HARD WORK AND PATIENCE.IF WE CAN DEVELOP SUCH DEVICES WHICH CAN COVER THE ACTIVITY OF  WHOLE EARTH  ,WHY CAN WE DEVELOP  GRAVITY ELIMINATING  DEVICE .

ANCIENT EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

ANCIENT EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

ALL OF US  ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN ONES LIFE AND SOURCE OF WHICH IS OUR TEACHERS  AND IT IS WRITTEN IN  'SHATHPATH  BRAHAMAN' THAT MAN'S EDUCATION IS INCOMPLETE WITHOUT THE ROLE OF THREE PRIMARY TUTOR ( MATA ,PITA AND AACHARYA).THE CHILD IS CONSIDERED BLESSED WHOSE PARENTS ARE WELL EDUCATED. MOTHER IS BELIEVED TO BE THE CHILD'S FIRST TEACHER WHOSE BLESSING AND PREACHING SHAPES THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY MANY TIMES MORE THAN OTHER'S DOES.IT IS THE  DUTY OF PARENTS TO SEND THEIR CHILD TO GURUKUL ,THOUGH IT IS DIFFICULT FOR A PARENT TO DO SO,BUT PARENTS KEEP THEIR PARENTHOOD ASIDE SEEING THE FUTURE OF HIS CHILD.AFTER PARENTS ,THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY IS SHAPED BY AACHARYA WHICH IS INITIATED BY A RITUAL KNOWN AS "UPNAYAN SANSKAR" IN WHICH CHILD IS GIVEN A THREAD WHICH CONSISTS OF THREE MORE SUB-THREADS WHICH SYMBOLISES THE THREE DEBT OF MOTHER'S ,FATHER'S AND AACHARYA'S.AND AACHARYA AT THE SAME TIME PROMISES TO THE CHILD THAT HE WILL GIVE  ALL HIS EDUCATION TO HIM AND ALSO TAKE PROMISE FORM HIM THAT HE MUST NOT CONFINE HIS KNOWLEDGE TO HIMSELF BUT TO SPREAD ALL OVER THE WORLD BY A SYMBOLIC ACT AS:AACHARYA  TAKE SOME WATER IN HIS HAND AND LEFT IT INTO THE HANDS OF HIS PUPIL AND ASK HIM TO SPREAD THE WATER OVER THE LAND WHICH MEANS ALL THE KNOWLEDGE WILL BE SPREAD ALL AROUND.

IN ANCIENT EDUCATION SYSTEM THERE IS NO PROVISION OF CO-EDUCATION.AS SWAMI DAYANANDA HAS ARGUED THAT THERE SHOULD BE SEPARATE GURUKULS FOR BOTH BOYS AND GIRLS AND  PLACE FOR EDUCATION MUST BE AWAY FROM TOWN(ALMOST 12 KM AWAY) ,IN A QUITE ,PEACEFUL AND PLEASANT AMBIENCE.THERE MUST BE ALL FEMALE TEACHERS IN GIRL'S GURUKUL AND ALL MALE TEACHERS IN BOYS GURUKUL, SO THAT BOTH BOYS AND GIRLS ESCAPES FROM ALL THE  DISTRACTIONS LIKE INTREST IN CONFIGURATION ABOUT OPPOSITE SEX,MOTIVATION TO GRACE HIM/HERSELF ETC.THERE SHOULD BE NO DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF CASTE,CREED,COLOUR ,EVERYBODY WILL GET SAME KINND OF EDUCATION BE IT CHILD OF A KING OR BEGGAR, EVEN ALL WILL WEAR SAME KIND OF DRESS AND EAT SAME FOOD SO THAT NO CHILD DEVELOP THE FEELING OF INFERIORITY COMPLEX WITHIN HIM.

A CHILD'S MIND ID LIKE A CLAY WHICH TAKES SHAPE ACCORDING TO THE IDEAS THAT IS FILLED IN HIS MIND ,AND WE KNOW , NO WORK IS DONE WITHOUT ANY REASON BEHIND IT ,ALMOST EVERY WORK HAS SOME MOTIVE THAT MOTIVATES ANYONE TO DO THAT PARTICULAR WORK .SO ,AACHARYA BY HIS DISCIPLINE AND STRICTNESS CREATES SUCH A AMBIENCE THAT MAKES THE MIND AND THOUGHT MUCH STRONG SO THAT HE CAN FIGHT AGANIST HIS INTERNAL EVIL THOUGHT AND DO WHAT IS GOOD FOR HIM AS WELL AS SOCIETY.THEY ARE GIVEN THE SPIRITUAL  ,COSMIC ,PHYSICAL AND MORAL KNOWLEDGE.SPIRITUAL KNOWLEDGE HELPS TO DISSOLVES THE AMBIGUITY OF TRUTH AND VAGUE ,COSMIC(LAUKIK) KNOWLEDGE TO LEAD A GOOD LIFE ACCORDING TO SOCIETY.PHYSICAL KOWLEDGE SO THAT NO ONE ABLE TO SUPRESS HIM WHEN HE TENDS TO FIGHT FOR A RIGHT THING ,HE IS MADE SO STRONG THAT HE CAN TOLERATE ALL THE ADVERSE SITUATION IN HIS LIFE AND MORAL KNOWLEDGE IS GIVEN TO HIM SO THAT HE CAN MAKE BALANCE BETWEEN HIS MIND AND BODY IN CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES . THE ASSIMILATION OF SUCH KIND OF KNOWLEDGE MAKES A MAN OF SUCH A KIND  THAT HE HAS FULL CONTROL OVER HIS MIND AND BODY.

THE MAIN PURPOSE OF EDUCATION IS TO AWAKE ONE'S CONSCIENCE THAT LEADS TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A GOOD HUMAN, FURTHER A GOOD SOCIETY.

  

COMPARITIVE STUDY OF THE STATE OF NATURE OF HOBBES,LOCKE AND ROUSSEAU

COMPARITIVE STUDY OF THE STATE OF NATURE OF HOBBES,LOCKE AND ROUSSEAU

HOBBES 

Analysis of human nature of man was the basis of political philosophy of  Hobbes.In Hobbes's sense -"MAN IS NEITHER A POLITICAL ANIMAL NOR A SOCIAL ANIMAL BUT ONLY AN ISOLATED BEAST OR A PURELY EGOISTIC CREATURE".He analyses that in state of nature man act like a wild animals.Every one is driven by the endless desire.The state of nature envisages an extreme insecurity,where everyone wishes to kill and enslave others.Thus state of nature has turned into a -'state of war of everyone  aganist everyone'.Man has become solitary ,poor,short,nasty and brutish.The situation has become total anarchist type and "MIGHT IS RIGHT " is the order of the day.

                                                                                        Unlike Hobbes,who has taken a gloomy picture of the state of nature but on contarary  to him,LOCKE  draws entirely different picture of  the state of nature where the situation was of peace ,goodwill,mutual assistance and preservance.The state of nature was a state of perfect freedom.They have liberty to do anything ,it was state of liberty,not of licence . The majority people obey the 'law of nature ' i.e the law of inward mobility.Locke himself believe that -"MAN IS BY NATURE A RATIONAL BEING".So,he has innate nature of treating human with humanity.But, still there were few persons who due to their self-intrest breach the  rules and without an establish authority in the state of nature it becomes very difficult to deal with such offenders.So, man abandon state of nature and enters into a civil or political society by means of social contract.

ROUSSEAU, also depicted the fascinating picture of the state of nature. He described man a 'NOBLE SAVAGE' living a life of an 'idyllic blissfulness' and primitive simplicity and call it "GOLDEN AGE" .But the rise of civilisation and inequality made them correct.With the development of science and art private property came into existence,with the consequent division of labour .So,ROUSSEAU  came to conclusion that if man wants to recover the original happiness and innocence,he must return to the state of nature and so he also has given a thought regarding this i.e "BACK TO NATURE".

Nationalism and its relation with nation

The whole concept of nationalism revolves around the two things i.e. one people and one country.It is a sentiment as well as an ideology.It was basically a western concept but it did not confined only to the western countries but it has its impact on some of the eastern countries like India.Before showing relationship between the two ,one must know about nation.Nation is actually a spiritual concept in which people unite on the basis of cultural oneness.The elements of nation are not defined so at the outset ,nation must be seen different from nationalism.

Arnest Laclau,inhis book,-"Politics And Ideology In Marxist Theory" argued that nation is neither progressive nor regressive ,it is only based on how we use the nation in various context.For example-same nation in hand of Mao in China lead to socialist discourse while the same nation in the hands of Hitler in Germany lead to a fascist discourse .

HOW THE IDEA OF NATIONALISM BECOME POPULAR.

It is said that nationalism comes first and nation followed it in the eastern part but in western part nation comes first and then comes nationalism.Nationalism has always been important than nation;it is politics which creates a nation.